q. Why is information system design complex, challenging and stimulating organizational process?

Ans. Information systems are developed based on organizational perspective. Each organization has its own culture, politics, structure, leadership, mission, vision, goals. These features will have direct influence over the working of organization, with time working procedures will change, people will change. So, if the organization\’s features and its dynamics are not properly understood then system analyst will not be able to come up with information system which can create value for the organization.

q. What is methodology?

Ans. Methodologies are comprehensive, multiple steps approaches to develop a system. It helps system analysts, project managers to follow the correct path to develop an information system. Methodologies followed will influence the quality of system that is being developed. Methodologies include several development techniques.

q. What is a technique?

Ans. Technique is a process that helps users to execute their tasks and activities in well-thought, complete and comprehensive manner.

q. Who is a system analyst?

Ans. System analyst is a person responsible for system analysis and design process. The major role of a system analyst is to study the problems, issues and requirements of users of organization and determine who people, information technology and methods can be combined to solve and address problems, issues and requirements of the users of the organization.

q. What is outcome of the project identification and selection process?

Ans. Outcome of the project identification and selection process is the determination of the projects for development in terms of preliminary study.

q. What are the things done in the planning phase?

Ans. Someone form the organization identifies the need for a new or improvement within the existing systems. Based on that preliminary investigation of the problems, issues and users\’ requirements are done. Why is new system or improvement necessary for the organization is clearly stated with reasons. That is the scope of the proposed system is determined in the planning phase.

q. what is done in the analysis phase?

Ans. In the analysis phase thorough study of the existing business processes of the organization is done in order to understand problems, issues within those business processes. Analysis is done in two sub phases - requirement determination and study of the requirements to structure them to understand the interrelationships between in components involved in the requirements and eliminate or reduce redundancies.

q. What is outcome of analysis phase?

Ans. Outcome of analysis phase is the design of alternative solutions recommended by the system analyst.

q. What are the things done in the design phase?

Ans. In the design phase, system analyst selects the best solutions from the purposed alternative solutions; converts the selected solution into logical and physical design. The analyst develops and designs all aspects of system like input, output forms, reports, database, processing modules.

q. What is a logical design?

Ans. The solution design by the system analyst which is independent of any specific hardware or software platform is a logical design. The idea behind the development of logical design is to ensure that the designed system will function as intended. It provides a high level design specifications of the system under development.

q. What is a physical design?

Ans. Physical design contains technology specific details which will be helpful for the programmer for the system construction. It is based on the logical design. In physical design various parts of the system are designed to perform operations necessary to capture data, process and store data, and produce output. A working will be created to help programmers in their programs. q. What are the things done in the implementation phase?

q. What are the things done in the maintenance phase?

Ans. In the maintenance phase, tuning of the system is done to make system always work as expected by the users, bugs are fixed, users’ new requirements are incorporated.